Impact of Traditional and Contemporary Architecture on Social Interactions and Cultural Identity in Bahrain: The Case of Muharraq and Manama

Maryam Sayed Jawad Darwish Alsharkhat

Abstract

In Bahrain, a small island in the Arabian Gulf, the rapid pace of modernization has led to a significant transformation of the urban landscape, with modern high-rises and commercial complexes replacing or standing alongside traditional buildings. Undeniably, they both traditional and contemporary architecture affect the communities. In this context, this research explores the influence of architectural styles—traditional and contemporary—on social interactions and cultural identity in Bahrain, focusing on the cities of Muharraq and Manama. The issue at hand arises from the visible shift in Bahrain’s urban landscape: while traditional architecture, as preserved in Muharraq, encouraged community interaction through elements like shaded courtyards and walkable alleys, while modern developments in Manama prioritize commercial and vehicular functions, potentially affecting how people connect with each other and with their heritage. It employs case study as a method and observations and interviews as data gathering techniques. Case studies were chosen in Muharraq and Manama. Residents were interviewed to understand how people perceive the relationships between their built environment and cultural identity as they manifest today. Findings indicate that traditional architecture in Muharraq continues to support social cohesion and reinforces cultural identity, while many modern developments in Manama tend to isolate individuals, weakening communal ties. The research therefore concludes that integrating traditional design principles into future urban planning could help foster stronger community bonds and preserve cultural identity amidst relentless modernisation.

Keywords:

Traditional architecture; Contemporary architecture; Social interaction; Cultural identity; Urban transformations, Bahrain.

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